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A verb form such as makes or was writing where the subject is the person doing the action, cf. passive

A verb form that expresses the speaker’s view of the event described by the verb , such as whether it is in progress, or complete. There are two aspect s in English progressive ( or continuous) and perfect.

A sentence made up of two clause s where the first clause begins with it or what in order to emphasize that part of the sentence It was Tom who answered the phone. What you should do is learn to drive.

A word like and, but, so, that link s two clauses , or phrase s, or words.

A word that carries lexical , or dictionary meaning . Also called a lexical word. cf function word

A word, like the, some, my, many, no, etc. that belongs to the class of words that can go at the beginning of a noun phrase the black taxi ● my many friends.

A word like well, anyway, so, however, that shows how what follows connects to what has been said or written It was not a very good hotel. Still , it was cheap.

The omission of words that are obvious from the context [We are] Having a wonderful time.

The principle by which new or important information is placed towards the end of a sentence.

A word or expression, like erm or ah, that is used by speakers to fill a pause.